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Based on the results, marble, plaster, and Kraft-lignin should not be used unless modified. Functional endpoints such as: bacterial production, biogeochemical fluxes, and oxygen penetration depth in the sediment were also assessed. Structural endpoints such as: macrofauna community, meiofauna community, and bacterial community were assessed. Clay (suspended and lumps), sand, hyperite, powdered activated carbon (AC), Kraft-lignin, marble (coarse and fine) and plaster were used as capping materials. Summary:Boxcosms with intact sediment fauna were used to assess ecosystem effects of thin-layer capping with different materials. Keywords:Remediation in situ, Activated carbon, Clay, Structural and functional effects, Benthic organisms, Sediment, Mesocosm “ Ecosystem effects of materials proposed for thin-layer capping of contaminated sediments.” 449, 27-39

Prescribed remedy is placement of 15 – 20 cm layer of clean sand over defined contaminated “hot spots”. Thin layer sand cap provided ability to achieve adequate risk reduction and to provide enhanced natural recovery of the site. Presence of higher levels of contamination at depth and risk of resuspension were concerns with dredge options. Options considered included dredging and capping alternatives. Sediments not toxic to benthic organisms, but affect upper trophic community including reproductive success of bottom feeding fish. Investigations dating back to 1980 have measured elevated mercury and PCBs in Cove sediments. Marathon Pulp and Paper filed for bankruptcy in 2009 and ceased operation. Summary:Principal discharges resulted from untreated pulp mill effluent and treated effluent from a chlor-alkali plant which operated from 1977 to 1984. “ Implementation of a Thin Layer Cap on Lake Superior in Marathon, Ontario” Presenation RPIC-FCS Workshop April 14-16, 2014 Ottawa Wilson, David Rudolfo, Nicholas’ Noble, Bruce Lally, John Hewitt, Ronald Kim, Kay Grover, Barry.